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Severe adhesive small bowel obstruction

null

《医学前沿（英文）》 2012年 第6卷 第4期   页码 436-439 doi: 10.1007/s11684-012-0221-7

摘要：

Adhesive small bowel obstruction is a frequent cause of hospital admission. Water soluble contrast studies may have diagnostic and therapeutic value and avoid challenging demanding surgical operations, but if bowel ischemia is suspected, prompt surgical intervention is mandatory. A 58-year-old patient was operated for extensive adhesive small bowel obstruction after having had two previous laparotomies for colorectal surgery, and had a complex clinical course with multiple operations and several complications. Different strategies of management have been adopted, including non-operative management with the use of hyperosmolar water soluble contrast medium, multiple surgical procedures, total parenteral nutrition (TPN) support, and finally use of anti-adherences icodextrin solution. After 2 years follow-up the patient was doing well without presenting recurrent episodes of adhesive small bowel obstruction. For patients admitted several times for adhesive small bowel obstruction, the relative risk of recurring obstruction increases in relation to the number of prior episodes. Several strategies for non-operative conservative management of adhesive small bowel obstruction have already addressed diagnostic and therapeutic value of hyperosmolar water soluble contrast. According to the most recent evidence-based guidelines, open surgery is the preferred method for surgical treatment of strangulating adhesive small bowel obstruction as well as after failed conservative management. Research interest and clinical evidence are increasing in adhesions prevention. Hyaluronic acid-carboxycellulose membrane and icodextrin may reduce incidence of adhesions.

关键词： post-operative intraperitoneal adhesions     adhesive small bowel obstruction     adhesiolysis     antiadhesion treatments     hyperosmolar water soluble contrast medium    

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A ruptured recurrent small bowel gastrointestinal stromal tumour causing hemoperitoneum

null

《医学前沿（英文）》 2015年 第9卷 第1期   页码 108-111 doi: 10.1007/s11684-014-0344-0

摘要：

Hemoperitoneum is a rare and potentially life-threatening complication of GIST. We reported a 54-year-old man who developed disseminated intra-abdominal recurrence from a previously resected gastrointestinal stromal tumour (GIST) of the small bowel, and the patient presented with hemoperitoneum. Emergent debulking surgery was performed. A high dose imatinib was prescribed. Despite the presence of residual disease, the patient was well clinically 8 months after the operation. Even though, there is no evidence to support the routine use of debulking surgery in the management of GIST. In our patient, disease progression after second line targeted therapy and the absence of alternative treatment options for spontaneous rupture and hemoperitoneum prompted us to treat the patient aggressively. Resection of the ruptured GIST was carried out for control of bleeding and to prevent recurrent bleeding in this patient with good surgical risks. During the treatment decision-making, the patient’s general condition, the risk of surgery and the extent of dissemination were taken into consideration. In this patient who presented with spontaneous rupture of a small intestinal GIST, the novel use of targeted therapy and aggressive surgical treatment produced reasonably good survival outcome.

关键词： gastrointestinal stromal tumour     hemoperitoneum     small bowel GIST     small bowel neoplasm     imatinib    

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Gut microbiota and its implications in small bowel transplantation

null

《医学前沿（英文）》 2018年 第12卷 第3期   页码 239-248 doi: 10.1007/s11684-018-0617-0

摘要：

The gut microbiota is mainly composed of a diverse population of commensal bacterial species and plays a pivotal role in the maintenance of intestinal homeostasis, immune modulation and metabolism. The influence of the gut microbiota on solid organ transplantation has recently been recognized. In fact, several studies indicated that acute and chronic allograft rejection in small bowel transplantation (SBT) is closely associated with the alterations in microbial patterns in the gut. In this review, we focused on the recent findings regarding alterations in the microbiota following SBT and the potential roles of these alterations in the development of acute and chronic allograft rejection. We also reviewed important advances with respect to the interplays between the microbiota and host immune systems in SBT. Furthermore, we explored the potential of the gut microbiota as a microbial marker and/or therapeutic target for the predication and intervention of allograft rejection and chronic dysfunction. Given that current research on the gut microbiota has become increasingly sophisticated and comprehensive, large cohort studies employing metagenomic analysis and multivariate linkage should be designed for the characterization of host–microbe interaction and causality between microbiota alterations and clinical outcomes in SBT. The findings are expected to provide valuable insights into the role of gut microbiota in the development of allograft rejection and other transplant-related complications and introduce novel therapeutic targets and treatment approaches in clinical practice.

关键词： gut microbiota     small bowel transplantation     acute rejection     chronic rejection     mucosal immunity     biomarker     microbiota-targeted therapy    

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On the applicability of different adhesion models in adhesive particulate flows

Guanqing LIU, Shuiqing LI, Qiang YAO,

《能源前沿（英文）》 2010年 第4卷 第2期   页码 280-286 doi: 10.1007/s11708-009-0062-5

摘要： An adhesion map provides quantitative criteria for the appropriate selection of adhesion models applicable to a specific adhesive contact problem of fine particles in complex particulate flows. In this paper, three different general adhesion models are used to construct adhesion maps. The applicable regimes on the adhesion map for different approximate adhesion models are determined according to their underlying limitations. It is found that the choice of general model has limited influence on the structure of a constructed adhesion map. On the contrary, the regime of application for each approximate model is sensitive to the approximation level. A three-dimensional, more intuitive adhesion map based on physical parameters of particles is also built. Finally, recent applications of adhesion models in discrete element method (DEM) investigations of fine-particle flow dynamics are briefly discussed.

关键词： adhesive contact     van der Waals force     adhesion model     adhesion map     DEM    

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Learning from biological attachment devices: applications of bioinspired reversible adhesive methods

《机械工程前沿（英文）》 2022年 第17卷 第3期 doi: 10.1007/s11465-022-0699-x

摘要： Many organisms have attachment organs with excellent functions, such as adhesion, clinging, and grasping, as a result of biological evolution to adapt to complex living environments. From nanoscale to macroscale, each type of adhesive organ has its own underlying mechanisms. Many biological adhesive mechanisms have been studied and can be incorporated into robot designs. This paper presents a systematic review of reversible biological adhesive methods and the bioinspired attachment devices that can be used in robotics. The study discussed how biological adhesive methods, such as dry adhesion, wet adhesion, mechanical adhesion, and sub-ambient pressure adhesion, progress in research. The morphology of typical adhesive organs, as well as the corresponding attachment models, is highlighted. The current state of bioinspired attachment device design and fabrication is discussed. Then, the design principles of attachment devices are summarized in this article. The following section provides a systematic overview of climbing robots with bioinspired attachment devices. Finally, the current challenges and opportunities in bioinspired attachment research in robotics are discussed.

关键词： adhesion     bioinspired attachment     biomimetic gripper     climbing robot    

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Towards Cr(VI)-free anodization of aluminum alloys for aerospace adhesive bonding applications: A review

Shoshan T. Abrahami, John M. M. de Kok, Herman Terryn, Johannes M. C. Mol

《化学科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2017年 第11卷 第3期   页码 465-482 doi: 10.1007/s11705-017-1641-3

摘要： For more than six decades, chromic acid anodizing (CAA) has been the central process in the surface pre-treatment of aluminum for adhesively bonded aircraft structures. Unfortunately, this electrolyte contains hexavalent chromium (Cr(VI)), a compound known for its toxicity and carcinogenic properties. To comply with the new strict international regulations, the Cr(VI)-era will soon have to come to an end. Anodizing aluminum in acid electrolytes produces a self-ordered porous oxide layer. Although different acids can be used to create this type of structure, the excellent adhesion and corrosion resistance that is currently achieved by the complete Cr(VI)-based process is not easily matched. This paper provides a critical overview and appraisal of proposed alternatives to CAA, including combinations of multiple anodizing steps, pre- and post anodizing treatments. The work is presented in terms of the modifications to the oxide properties, such as morphological features (e.g., pore size, barrier layer thickness) and surface chemistry, in order to evaluate the link between fundamental principles of adhesion and bond performance.

关键词： aluminum     Cr(VI)-free     surface pre-treatments     anodizing     adhesive bonding    

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Treatment of infant postrenal acute renal failure following obstruction due to upper urinary calculi

Hui-Xia ZHOU MD, Zhi-Chun FENG MD, Hao MENG MD, Xiao-Guang ZHOU MD, Shuang LI BM, Jun WANG MM, Shi-Xi DAI BM,

《医学前沿（英文）》 2010年 第4卷 第1期   页码 127-130 doi: 10.1007/s11684-010-0009-6

摘要： The surgical emergency treatments and curative effects of postrenal acute renal failure following obstruction due to upper urinary calculi in infants were evaluated. Of the 13 infants with postrenal acute renal failure following obstruction due to upper urinary calculi, 11 received retrograded catheterizations of the ureter with semi-rigid ureteroscopy (F 6.8), and two received open ureterolithotomy. The results showed that only one infant had anuresis and continuous reduction of hemoglobin 5h after the open ureterolithotomy and received exploration via excision and peritoneal dialysis, and the remaining 12 patients well recovered in this group. The renal function of all the patients was restored without postoperative complications. It is concluded that the retrograded catheterization of the ureter with ureteroscopy is a minimally invasive, safe and effective therapy for postrenal acute renal failure following obstruction due to upper urinary calculi in infants. For those infants whose urethras are thin and small, the open ureterolithotomy is a suitable method. But patients with bleeding tendency need to be corrected prior to the open ureterotomy to remove obstructions.

关键词： infant     acute renal failure     postrenal     ureteroscopy    

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Simulation and experimental improvement on a small-scale Stirling thermo-acoustic engine

Mao CHEN,Yonglin JU

《能源前沿（英文）》 2016年 第10卷 第1期   页码 37-45 doi: 10.1007/s11708-015-0390-6

摘要： Compared with the traditional engines, the thermo-acoustic engines are relatively new and can act as the linear compressors for refrigerators. Many institutes have shown great interest in this kind of machine for its absence of moving mechanical part. In this paper, the influence of the dimensions of the main parts of the small-scale Stirling thermo-acoustic engine was numerically simulated using a computer code called DeltaEC. The resonator and the resonator cavity were found to be the most convenient and effective in improving the performance of the engine. Based on the numerical simulation, a small-scale Stirling thermo-acoustic engine were constructed and experimentally investigated. Currently, with a resonator length of only 1 m, the working frequency of the engine was decreased to 90 Hz and the onset temperature difference was decreased to 198.2 K.

关键词： thermo-acoustic Stirling engine     small-scale     simulation     experiment    

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Discovery of small molecule degraders for modulating cell cycle

《医学前沿（英文）》   页码 823-854 doi: 10.1007/s11684-023-1027-5

摘要： The cell cycle is a complex process that involves DNA replication, protein expression, and cell division. Dysregulation of the cell cycle is associated with various diseases. Cyclin-dependent kinases (CDKs) and their corresponding cyclins are major proteins that regulate the cell cycle. In contrast to inhibition, a new approach called proteolysis-targeting chimeras (PROTACs) and molecular glues can eliminate both enzymatic and scaffold functions of CDKs and cyclins, achieving targeted degradation. The field of PROTACs and molecular glues has developed rapidly in recent years. In this article, we aim to summarize the latest developments of CDKs and cyclin protein degraders. The selectivity, application, validation and the current state of each CDK degrader will be overviewed. Additionally, possible methods are discussed for the development of degraders for CDK members that still lack them. Overall, this article provides a comprehensive summary of the latest advancements in CDK and cyclin protein degraders, which will be helpful for researchers working on this topic.

关键词： PROTAC     molecular glue     degrader     cell cycle     CDK     cyclin    

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Fine-tuning cell organelle dynamics during mitosis by small GTPases

《医学前沿（英文）》 2022年 第16卷 第3期   页码 339-357 doi: 10.1007/s11684-022-0926-1

摘要： During mitosis, the allocation of genetic material concurs with organelle transformation and distribution. The coordination of genetic material inheritance with organelle dynamics directs accurate mitotic progression, cell fate determination, and organismal homeostasis. Small GTPases belonging to the Ras superfamily regulate various cell organelles during division. Being the key regulators of membrane dynamics, the dysregulation of small GTPases is widely associated with cell organelle disruption in neoplastic and non-neoplastic diseases, such as cancer and Alzheimer’s disease. Recent discoveries shed light on the molecular properties of small GTPases as sophisticated modulators of a remarkably complex and perfect adaptors for rapid structure reformation. This review collects current knowledge on small GTPases in the regulation of cell organelles during mitosis and highlights the mediator role of small GTPase in transducing cell cycle signaling to organelle dynamics during mitosis.

关键词： small GTPase     cell organelle     mitosis    

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Calculating frictional force with considering material microstructure and potential on contact surfaces

XU Zhongming, HUANG Ping

《机械工程前沿（英文）》 2007年 第2卷 第4期   页码 474-477 doi: 10.1007/s11465-007-0082-y

摘要： A method based on the energy dissipation mechanism of an Independent Oscillator model is used to calculate the frictional force and the friction coefficient of interfacial friction. The friction work is calculated with considering the potential change of contact surfaces during sliding. The potential change can be gained by a universal adhesive energy function. The relationships between frictional force and parameters of a tribo-system, such as surface energy and microstructure of interfacial material, are set up. The calculation results of the known experimental data denote that the frictional force is nearly proportional to the surface energy of the material, nearly inversely proportional to the scaling length, and independent of the lattice constant. The results agree with that of adhesion friction equations. They also agree with the experimental results performed with an atomic-force microscope under the ultra high vacuum condition.

关键词： coefficient     dissipation mechanism     universal adhesive     interfacial     Independent Oscillator    

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Molecular classification of non-small-cell lung cancer: diagnosis, individualized treatment, and prognosis

null

《医学前沿（英文）》 2013年 第7卷 第2期   页码 157-171 doi: 10.1007/s11684-013-0272-4

摘要：

Non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is the most common cause of premature death among the malignant diseases worldwide. The current staging criteria do not fully capture the complexity of this disease. Molecular biology techniques, particularly gene expression microarrays, proteomics, and next-generation sequencing, have recently been developed to facilitate effectively its molecular classification. The underlying etiology, pathogenesis, therapeutics, and prognosis of NSCLC based on an improved molecular classification scheme may promote individualized treatment and improve clinical outcomes. This review focuses on the molecular classification of NSCLC based on gene expression microarray technology reported during the past decade, as well as their applications for improving the diagnosis, staging and treatment of NSCLC, including the discovery of prognostic markers or potential therapeutic targets. We highlight some of the recent studies that may refine the identification of NSCLC subtypes using novel techniques such as epigenetics, proteomics, or deep sequencing.

关键词： non-small-cell lung cancer     molecular typing     individualized medicine     molecular-targeted therapy     gene expression profiling    

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Performance prediction of switched reluctance generator with time average and small signal models

Jyoti KOUJALAGI, B. UMAMAHESWARI, R. ARUMUGAM

《能源前沿（英文）》 2013年 第7卷 第1期   页码 56-68 doi: 10.1007/s11708-012-0216-8

摘要： This paper presents the complete mathematical model and predicts the performance of switched reluctance generator with time average and small signal models. The complete mathematical model is developed in three stages. First, a switching model is developed based on quasi-linear inductance profile. Next, based on the switching behaviour, a time average model is obtained to measure the difference between the excitation and generation time in each switching cycle. Finally, to track control voltage and current wave shapes, a small signal model is designed. The effectiveness of the complete multilevel model combining electrical machine, power converter, load and control with programming language is demonstrated through simulations. A PI controller is used for controlling the voltage of the generator. The results presented show that the controller exhibits accurate tracking control of load voltage under different operating conditions. This demonstrates that the proposed model is able to perform an accurate control of the generated output voltage even in transient situations. The simulation is performed to choose the control parameters and study the performance of switched reluctance generator prior to its actual implementation. Initial experimental results are presented using NI-Data acquisition card to control the output power according to load requirements.

关键词： generator     reluctance     switching model     small signal model     time average model    

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Treatment of advanced non-small cell lung cancer with driver mutations: current applications and future

《医学前沿（英文）》 2023年 第17卷 第1期   页码 18-42 doi: 10.1007/s11684-022-0976-4

摘要： With the improved understanding of driver mutations in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), expanding the targeted therapeutic options improved the survival and safety. However, responses to these agents are commonly temporary and incomplete. Moreover, even patients with the same oncogenic driver gene can respond diversely to the same agent. Furthermore, the therapeutic role of immune-checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) in oncogene-driven NSCLC remains unclear. Therefore, this review aimed to classify the management of NSCLC with driver mutations based on the gene subtype, concomitant mutation, and dynamic alternation. Then, we provide an overview of the resistant mechanism of target therapy occurring in targeted alternations (“target-dependent resistance”) and in the parallel and downstream pathways (“target-independent resistance”). Thirdly, we discuss the effectiveness of ICIs for NSCLC with driver mutations and the combined therapeutic approaches that might reverse the immunosuppressive tumor immune microenvironment. Finally, we listed the emerging treatment strategies for the new oncogenic alternations, and proposed the perspective of NSCLC with driver mutations. This review will guide clinicians to design tailored treatments for NSCLC with driver mutations.

关键词： non-small cell lung cancer     driver mutations     treatment strategy     resistant mechanism     immune-checkpoint inhibitors    

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用于实时皮肤创面愈合的超强工程化蛋白凝聚体黏合剂 Article

李铭, 柳柏梅, 徐炜, 赵来, 王自立, 何浩男, 李敬敬, 王帆, 马超, 刘凯, 张洪杰

《工程（英文）》 2023年 第31卷 第12期   页码 76-85 doi: 10.1016/j.eng.2023.07.013

摘要：

黏合剂作为生物医学工程中的一种先进方式，因其独特的伤口管理行为而备受关注。然而，由于当前的黏合剂系统界面粘合强度较弱，要实现牢固的黏合仍是一项巨大的挑战。此外，传统化学黏合剂缺乏动态适应性，限制了伤口周围的新生细胞向该部分迁移，导致组织再生效果不佳。在此，我们精心设计了一种具有强大黏附力和实时促皮肤愈合效果的细胞外基质衍生的生物复合黏合剂。在嵌合蛋白和天然DNA间超分子相互作用的积极参与下，液-液相分离被很好地用来驱动生物复合黏合剂的组装，从而获得增强的黏合性能。该生物黏合剂具有出色的黏合和止血性能，其中，剪切黏合强度约18 MPa，优于已报道的同类产品。此外，工程生物衍生成分赋予了该黏合材料优异的生物相容性和特殊的生物学功能，包括促进细胞增殖和迁移，因此使用这种材料最终可实现实时原位皮肤再生。这项工作为功能化生物黏合剂工程和生物医学转化开辟了新的途径。

关键词： 生物复合黏合剂     蛋白     DNA     凝聚物     皮肤愈合    

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标题 作者 时间 类型 操作

Severe adhesive small bowel obstruction

null

期刊论文

A ruptured recurrent small bowel gastrointestinal stromal tumour causing hemoperitoneum

null

期刊论文

Gut microbiota and its implications in small bowel transplantation

null

期刊论文

On the applicability of different adhesion models in adhesive particulate flows

Guanqing LIU, Shuiqing LI, Qiang YAO,

期刊论文

Learning from biological attachment devices: applications of bioinspired reversible adhesive methods

期刊论文

Towards Cr(VI)-free anodization of aluminum alloys for aerospace adhesive bonding applications: A review

Shoshan T. Abrahami, John M. M. de Kok, Herman Terryn, Johannes M. C. Mol

期刊论文

Treatment of infant postrenal acute renal failure following obstruction due to upper urinary calculi

Hui-Xia ZHOU MD, Zhi-Chun FENG MD, Hao MENG MD, Xiao-Guang ZHOU MD, Shuang LI BM, Jun WANG MM, Shi-Xi DAI BM,

期刊论文

Simulation and experimental improvement on a small-scale Stirling thermo-acoustic engine

Mao CHEN,Yonglin JU

期刊论文

Discovery of small molecule degraders for modulating cell cycle

期刊论文

Fine-tuning cell organelle dynamics during mitosis by small GTPases

期刊论文

Calculating frictional force with considering material microstructure and potential on contact surfaces

XU Zhongming, HUANG Ping

期刊论文

Molecular classification of non-small-cell lung cancer: diagnosis, individualized treatment, and prognosis

null

期刊论文

Performance prediction of switched reluctance generator with time average and small signal models

Jyoti KOUJALAGI, B. UMAMAHESWARI, R. ARUMUGAM

期刊论文

Treatment of advanced non-small cell lung cancer with driver mutations: current applications and future

期刊论文

用于实时皮肤创面愈合的超强工程化蛋白凝聚体黏合剂

李铭, 柳柏梅, 徐炜, 赵来, 王自立, 何浩男, 李敬敬, 王帆, 马超, 刘凯, 张洪杰

期刊论文